Kihini Paraire Whakarewa: Te Matekiri Hāngai Whakarewa hei Whakakaha me te Auaha

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Ko te rāpoi hikoikoi karboni he mātai hautōtanga matua e tohu ana i tētahi whakaururanga nui ki te inihini me te hanga. Ko tēnei mātai mōhio ka tū mai i ngā kōpiko anuanu e 5-10 micrometers te tōpuke, ko ngā atomi karboni anō te matua pūtake e huinga ana tahi ki ngā kirihauiti. Ka hangaia te rāpoi mā te tikanga tuarangi tāwhai e whakarārangi ana i ēnei kōpiko ki ngā tauwāhi e hāngai ai ki te kaha me te roa o te ora. E whakaatu ana tēnei mātai i ngā ahuatanga hoki, ko te ōrite kaha-kītenga, te kaha tāraiwa, te pakaru iti i te wera, me te aukati pai i ngā mea kemikara. I te huarahi hanga, ka tāwhai ngā kōpiko karboni ki te rāpoi rite ki te rāpoi ka taea te takotoranga, te āhua hoki e hāngai ana ki ngā here. Ko te mōhio o te mātai e taea ai te whakakotahi ki ngā rēhina rerekē, ki ngā poukahuru hoki hei hanga i ngā hanganga hautōtanga e mau ana i te kaha nui engari kītahi anō. Ka kitea te rāpoi karboni i ngā umanga maha, mai i te rangi, te motuka hoki ki ngā taonga hākinakina, te hanga hoki. Ko tana āhua e taea ai te whakapiripiri ki ngā āhua herengarua engari e mau tonu ana te kaha o te hanganga, ka nui te uara ki ngā mahi hoahoa, inihini hoki. Ko te aukati matepuku, te roa o te ora o te mātai ka whakarite kia roa te mahi i ngā taiao uaua, ā, ko tana āhua hoki ka tapa kia nui ake te uara o ngā hua matua, o ngā tūāpapa whare hoki.

Mōhiohanga Hou

Ko te kākahu mātātoko karboni he nui ngā hua e tino pai ana nā reira ko te kōwhiringa tino pai mō ngā whakamahinga maha. Tuatahi, ko tana kaha tino pai ki te take o te taumaha e wehe ana i ia matēria rerekē atu, e tuku ana i te kaha o te hanganga e kore e taea e ētahi atu matēria engari ka mau tonu te iti o te taumaha. Ko tēnei āhuatanga he mea tino whai hua ki ngā whakamahinga waka me te haerenga ki te rangi, kei reira ka hāngai te māmā ake o te taumaha ki te whai hua ake o te kaimātai me te mahi pai ake. Ko te pūmau tino pai me te manawaroa ki ngā hākinakina taiao e whakarato ana i te whakapono roa me te iti ake i ngā herekoreti tiaki. Arānei i ngā matēria tikanga, kāore te kākahu karboni e pāreka, e mōmona rānei i ngā tikanga noa, ā, ka mau tonu ana āhuatanga hanganga i te wā roa. Ko te āhua mōhio o te matēria i ngā tikanga hanga e tuku ana i te māmā tino pai ki te hoahoa, e āki ai te waihanga i ngā āhua me ngā hanganga herenga e zīriki, e rerekē rānei te waihanga me ngā matēria tikanga. Ko tana āhua e taea ai te hono me ngā rēhia rerekē, me ngā porapora e waihangia ana ngā huarahi mātātoko mō te whakaritenga me te whakapai mō ngā whakamahinga motuhake. Ko ngā āhuatanga mahana pai o te matēria e pai ana mō ngā whakamahinga e hiahiatia ana te pūmau i ngā panonitanga o te mahana. Anō hoki, ko ngā āhuatanga takotoranga ake ake o te kākahu karboni e pai ana mō ngā whakamahinga e hiahiatia ana te whakaiti i ngā takotoranga me ngā raru. Ko te āhua ataahua o te matēria e hua ana ki ngā hua kua oti, nā te tauwā o tana rāwekenga kupenu me tana āhua marukau e hiahia ana tini ki ngā whakamahinga taipuru me ngā whakamahinga mahi pai. Mai i te tirohanga arataki, ko te iti ake o ngā herekoreti tiaki me te roa o te ora whakamahinga e pai ana mō te utu i te wā, ahakoa he nui ake te utu tuatahi.

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Tau Whatuapu

Te Kaha Rawa me te Maamaa

Ko te āhua whakapāhunu ake o te kātene karapuna he whakapāpaku whakapāpaku, e pā ana ki te nuinga o ngā taputapu hāngai hāngai. Kātahi ka eke ngā uara whakapāpaku ki te 1,000 MPa i te wa e noho pumau ana te hihiani i raro i te hinu, te hinu rānei. Ko te hanganga irirangi motuhake o ngā kātene karapuna, tētahi anō hoki ki ngā tikanga rarawe, e waihangatia ai te taputapu e taea ai te whakakaha i ngā kawenga nui ake i te wa e noho pumau ana. Ko tēnei āhua e nui ai te uara ki ngā whakamahinga e whakaiti ai te taumaha, pērā i ngā wāhanga rererangi, ngā waka whakahirahira, me ngā taputapu hākinakina. Ko te āhua o te taputapu e whakarato i te tautoko hanganga kaha ake i te wa e iti ai te taumaha ka hua ai te whaihua, te iti ake i te hau, me te whakapai ake i te mahi i roto i ngā whakamahinga katoa. Ko te tōwari i ngā kātene ki te tauira rarawe ka whakapumau ai i te wehenga tāpoi me te eke atu ki te kaha o te tāwhai me te whakapēhi.

Te Maamaa Rawa me te Atete Taiao

Ko te whareroa karapine he whakapapa whakapaa ki te taiao me te whakapāheke hau, e whai hua ana mō ngā whakamahinga uaua. Ko te aha ake o te rākai ki te kōhatu, ngā kikorangi, me te irirangi UV e whakapumau ai i te mahi pai hoki ki ngā tikanga kino. Kāore i ngā rākai tūturu e mōhoni, e hiahiatia ana rānei te whakahaere māmā, ko te whareroa karapine e pupuri ana i te whakapapa o te hanganga me te āhua i te wā roa. Ko te roa o te whakapāheke e iti ake ai te utu whakahaere me te roa o te kaimahi mō ngā wāhanga me ngā hanganga e whakamahi ana i tēnei rākai. Ko te pumau o te rākai i raro i ngā panonitanga o te āhu me tana whakapae ki te panonitanga o te wera e whakawhirinaki ana i te wāhi e whakapumau ai te āhua. Anō hoki, ko tana whakapae ake ki te whakamāmā e āwhina ai ia kia eke panuku i ngā whakapāheke takotoranga kia kaua e mōhoni te nui, e whakapono ai i te mahi roa-roa.

Te Whakaputa Tūhono me te Ngaro Whakarite

Ko te whānuitanga o te whakaputa i te kiriata karaihe karboni e whakatuwhera ana i ngā tūhono hou i te hoahoa me ngā tāone e whai ana. Ka taea te whakapapa, te whakapapa, me te whakapapa i te tāone e waihanga i ngā takotoranga ā-hinengaro pīroiroi kia mau tonu ai tana whakapapa whakapapa. Ko tēnei whānuitanga e whakaae ana ki ngā kaihoahoa me ngā kaihangahanga ki te whakapai ake i ngā wāhanga mō ngā here here e hiahiatia ana kāore i ngā here e tōaitia ana e ngā tāone tawhito. Ko te āhua o te whakahaere i te aronga o te aho me te rahi o te rahi e āwhina ana i te waihanga i ngā hanganga ki te whakapapa kaha ki te taha, e tō ana ki te whakamahinga e hiahiatia ana. Ka taea te whakakotahi i te tāone ki ngā pūnaha hāriki rerekē hei waihanga i ngā tāone hou ki te āhua motuhake, pērā i te whakapai ake i te kaha ki te patu, te whakapai ake rānei i te kaha ki te whiti. Ko tēnei whānuitanga ki ngā tikanga whakaputa e whakaae ana ki te nui ake i te whakaputa ritenga iti me te nui ake hoki i te whakamahinga umanga, e tō ana hoki ki te whakautu ki ngā uka uka hou.