Ko ētahi whakamahinga aha e tino pai ai ngā rāpoi hiriata i te ahumahi?

Kua whakangahau ngā āhuatanga mātātoko o te taunaha hiko, te mātau ki te matū, me te pūmahara mōhio ki te wera i ngā takiwā maha o te ao hangarau. Kua neke haere nei ngā taputapu kia rerekē ake ngā kaupapa rangahau, hanga, ao hārerewa, me ngā takiwā waiharakeke nā te takotoranga motuhake o ngā āhuatanga e kore e taea e ngā taputapu tawhito te whiwhi. Ko te mārama ki ngā whakamātautau maha o ēnei taputapu hou e āwhina ana i ngā kamupene kia whiriwhiri mō te whiriwhiringa taputapu mō ngā kaupapa matua me ngā tikanga hanga.

Ngā Whakamātautau Hanga Composite

Te Mahi Taurite ki te Ahumahi Aunoa

Kua whakaae te rāngai motokā i ngā āhua kararehe hiriwai hei wāhanga matua i te hanga composite mō ngā paparanga tinana, ngā wāhanga o roto, me ngā whakakaha pūtahitanga. E tuku ana ēnei matēria kia maama ake i te mātātoko i ngā wāhanga tīrama tūmatanui, e mau ana i te angaimārie pūtahitanga me te māka tārore. Kei te whakauru increasingly ngā hoahoa motukā hou i ēnei āhua ki ngā paparanga atamira, ngā paparanga riipene, me ngā wāhanga poutaka kia māma ake te taumaha o te motukā katoa ka pai ake te uara o te paraihe.

Ko ngā iniera aunoa e whai whakaaro ana ki te āhua o ngā rēhia karakara, e āki ai i ngā āhua āhuahanga heru e z e hinga ai te pūmahara ki ngā wae kei te metara. Ko te mātai o te karakara kore e kore e hiahiatia ana te mātai roa kia kore ai te huaki, ka iti ake ngā utu hangarau me te pai ake i te roa o te wā. Anō hea, ko ngā īngoa mātai o ēnei rēhia e āki ai i te pūmau o te āhua i runga i ngā wāhi mātai e kitea ana i ngā whakamahinga aunoa.

Huarahi Whanaketanga Wae

Ko ngā whakamahinga arotahi e hiahiatia ana ngā matērau e taea ai te karo i ngā tikanga pōmātua engari e mau tonu ana i te muimui, nō reira ko ngā āhua harakeke rākau he mea pai mō ngā paparanga o roto o ngā rererangi, ngā radome, me ngā wāhanga takotoranga tuarua. Ko te ao hangarau rererangi e noho ana ki ēnei matērau mō ō rātou āhuatanga mahi e mōhiotia ana, me te arataki ki ngā tikanga haumaru ahi tino ahakoa. Ka whakamahia e ngā kaihanga rererangi ngā momo motuhake o ēnei āhua ki ngā taone o roto, ngā wāhi taonga, me ngā kōpae taputapu.

Ko te pātata ki te āhua o ētahi ngā Kāhua Fiberglass ka tūtohu ia rātou ki te uara nui i te hanga whakapaipai, i reira me taea e ngā hukapapa irirangi te wehe kia kaua ai te āhua. Ko ngā inžiniera hārerewa hoki e mōhio ana ki te āhua o te matēria ki te pupuri i ngā īngoa hinonga ki ngā maunga e taea ai ngā panonitanga o te wera me te iti ake o te pēhanga atamira ka taea ai te kino ki ētahi atu matēria. Kua nui ake ngā āhua nei i ngā āhua karaihe mātātoko hoki i ngā huinga huarere tāpoi hoki.

Ngā Whanonga Hanga me ngā Aronga Tūmatanui

Ngā Pūnaha Whakapaipai Whare

Ko ngā mātanga hangarau e mōhiotia ana i te whakamahinga o ngā rākau tapatoru mō ngā mahi whakakaha, āhuatia hoki i ngā kaupapa whakaora me te whakakaha i te kōneo. E tuku ana ēnei rāwekenga i te kaha tōkei pai ake i ngā tikanga whakakaha tawhito, ā, e tuku ana hoki i te whakaurunga māmā ake me te itinga i ngā herehere mahi. Ko te anuanu kore o ngā rākau tapatoru e wehe ana i ngā aronga mō te pā ki te mātukutuku e pa ana ki te tīwai e pa ana ki ngā punaha whakakaha tīwai i te wā roa.

Ka whakamahia ēnei rākau i ngā takotoranga arawhata, ngā taiepa o ngā whare, me ngā mahi whakapaerua i ngā kaupapa hanga hou. Mā te māmā ake o ngā rākau karaihe hiriwiri ka taea e rātou te āhua ki ngā mata kore noho rite me ngā āhua herenga, nō reira he mea pai mō ngā kaupapa whakaora mēnā ka pēhara ngā tikanga whakapaerua tūmatanui. Ko te māmā ki ngā taiao parurenga ka pai ai mō ngā whakamahi konikete kei reira ka marere haere te pH ka pā atu ki ētahi atu rākau whakapaerua.

Ngā Rārangi Whakarāwhiti me ngā Ratonga Whakamarumaru

Kua kitea e ngā kaiwhakairotohu tahumaero ngā mōhio otinga o ngā rākau karapoti i ngā pūnaha arataki me ngā whakamahinga whakamaroke. E tuku ana ēnei matēra hiahiatia roa ki ngā āhuatanga o waho, i te pupuri i te maroke ki te āki ai i ngā nekenga o te hanganga me te panonitanga o te mahana. Ko te mātātoko UV o ngā rākau karapoti pai pea e tiaki ana i te mahi tahi, ā, ko te ata noho anō i raro i te rā hohonu.

Kei te whakauru ake ngā pūnaha tahumaero toa i ēnei rākau hei takotoranga whakapakari i ngā arataki bitumen whakarerekē me ngā pūnaha tahumaero takirua. Ko te mātātoko poke me te kaha tarerenga o ngā rākau karapoti e aki ai i te kino e hua mai ana i te haerenga tāngata, ngā parakuihi anuanu, me ngā mātātoko mōhio. Kei te piri ngā kapa tāpoi ki ngā āhuatanga whakahaere o te matēra, e pērā nei ka iti ake te wā tāpoi, ā, ka pai ake te whakapono pūnaha me te mahi o te tīkanga.

Ngā Pūtake Moana me ngā Tōpahi o waho

Te Hanga Kaipuke

Kua tūhono tonu ngā kaihanga waka moana ki ngā rāpoi karakia hei matērahi takotoranga mō te hanga kaipuke, i reira ko te takotoranga o te kaha, te pānga hauārangi, me te āhua e waiho ana hei take tino pai mō te whanaketanga waka. Mā ēnei matērahi ka taea e ngā kaimahi kaipuke te hanga i ngā āhua maroke e tino whai ake ana i te mahi hidarorangi i te wa e pupuri ana i te kiko o te hanganga i ngā tikanga moana herenga. Ko te pānga atawhai o ngā rāpoi karakia ka wehe ētahi atu aronga tiaki mō ngā kaipuke metara i ngā taiao parore.

Ko te hanga kāreti hou me ngā kaipuke matua e horipo ana ki ngā takotoranga ahu māmā o te ehara heke i te waihini, e tuku ana i ngā āhuatanga kaha motuhake ki ngā wāhanga rereke o te karu. Ka taea e ngā kaihoahoa te whakapaipai i te āhua o te ahu me te nekeneke ki te waihanga i ngā kaipuke e mahi ai kia ū, ā, anō hoki ki ngā here tūmanako me ngā tikanga. Ko te āhua e taea ai te whakatika i ngā hanganga eharapapa heke i te waihini e tuku ana i te roa o te ratonga kaipuke, ā, e iti ake ai te wā e noho ana te kaipuke.

Ngā Wae Piriti Tāpoi

Ko ngā piriti tāpoi moana e whakamahi ana i ngā ērāpaki eharapapa ki te maha o ngā whakamahinga e hiahiatia ana te manawa atawhai ki te parahe me te mahi anga-anga hei mea nui mō te haumārata o te whakahaere me te roa o ngā taputapu. E hiahiatia ana e ēnei taiao kirikiri moana ngā matērahi e taea ai te mau ki te pātunga o te waimarino, ngā āhuatanga o te kiko, me ngā totohu hinu engari kaua e poke i te kiko o te anga. Ka tohua e ngā kaihoahoa piriti ēnei ērāpaki mō ngā pūnaha whatitoka, ngā kōpae taputapu, me ngā wae anga-anga tuarua.

Ko ngā āhuatanga kore-iko o ngā rēwaina kararehe e tuku ana i ngā painga haumaru atu i ngā taiao takahia e ngā mōrearea hiko me ngā horapa e here ana i te whai wāhi o ngā matū e kōwhiringa ai. Ko te pūkenga o te matū ki te kino o ngā rīwai pātahi, ngā hinu hydrauhiki, me ngā rīwai horoi e whakamahia ana i ngā mahi takahia e mihi ana ngā rōpū tiaki. Kua rite ake ngā āhuatanga nei hei whakaritenga arataki mō ētahi taponga takahia me ngā pūnaha haumaru.

Ngā Whakamahinga Tāhū Māori

Ngā Taputapu Penehitanga Matū

Ko ngā whakaritenga mātai matū e horoi huri ana ki ngā āhua ripa mā te kāpara hiri i raro i ngā tikanga tukanga, e here ana ki ngā huringa pēwhara. E whakaratohia ana e ēnei matū te manawaroa pai ki ngā tākai, ngā turuturu, me ngā paraihe takotoranga e muhu ana i ngā wae tapahi mētia, nō reira koia anō pea ngā kōpae tapa, ngā pūhiko, me ngā kātata tapa. Ko te mahi tūmatanui o ngā inžiniera tukanga ki te mahi tūmatanui o ēnei āhua i ngā taiao e taea ai te pakaru o te matū e hua ai ngā tūmomo whakamōrea, pakuhi ranei.

Ko ngā pūtahi matūōra moderni e whakamahi ana i ngā rākau motuhake o ngā āhua puipui hiriwai mā te hanga kōhatu, ngā waka urupare, me ngā tēpu rokiroki i ngā wāhi e kore ai ngā matū arataki e tuku atamira kia ora tonu. Ko te tūponotanga o ēnei matū ki raro i te māmātanga o te kiko tēpu e āwhina ana kia manawarite tonu te punaha, ā, ka itinga i ngā herekore e hiahiatia ana mō te tiaki. Kei te mihi ngā kaitiaki pūtahi i te māka o te matū ki te porokara kirihou, ka wehe i tētahi momo pakanga noa i waenganui i ngā wae paraihe i te ratonga matū.

Ngā Pūnaha Whakarākei me te Wehenga

Kua kitea e ngā taupānga whakamātai a te ahumahi ko ngā rāranga karuwha he rauemi tino pai mō ngā taiao wera-tūpuhi me ngā taiao kimikimi kikaha i reira e kore pea e ora ai ngā papa whakamātai tūmatanui. E tuku ana ēnei rauemi i te hanganga poro tautua me te uara whakamātai, i te tāwhai hoki i te maroritanga mai i ngā kimikimekameka o te tikanga me te mātai wera. Ka tohua ēnei rāranga e ngā inihini a te taiao mō ngā pūnaha whakarere i te poipoi ahu, ngā whare whakapai i te wai, me te whakamātai a te ahumahi ka koiora anō kei te matua.

Ko ngā punaha whakawhitinga Baghouse kei ngā pūngao me ngā tāone arotake e whakamahi noa ana i ngā raima tapatoru e taea ai te mahi ki ngā wera e pera ana ki te 500°F, i te wā e mau tonu ana te uara o te whakawhitinga me te kaha o te hanganga. Ko te mātai o te raima ki ngā inu ācihi me te paraharaha pārerau e roa ake ai te ora o ngā kōpae i te whānuitanga o ngā kōpae takotoranga ananana. E tino whakamihi ana ngā kaimahi tiaki ki te āhua ma, kaha hoki o ēnei raima, e iti ake ai te putanga o te panonitanga me ngā utu whakahaere.

FAQ

He aha ngā tauwae wera e taea ai e ngā raima tapatoru te toronga ki ngā whakamaimoa arotake

Ko ngā āhuatanga o te rēwai hiriwai e taea ai te whakauru pūmahara i ngā wāhi e -100°F ki te 1000°F, e hāngai ana ki te momo rēwai me ngā tikanga whakaputa e whakamahia ana. Ka mahi pai ngā āhuatanga E-glass ki te 700°F, i te wa e taea ai e ngā momo matatau ake te kawe i te takotoranga pūmahara ki te 1000°F, me ngā wā pōturi ki ngā wāhi makariri ake. Ko ēnei īnanga māmā e pai ana mō ngā whakamahinga i te hanganga umu, te arai i ngā wāhi makariri, me ngā pūnaha whakamarumaru.

Kei te pēhea te whakareretanga o ngā āhuatanga hiriwai ki te karbona mō ngā whakamahinga kaha

Ahakoa ko te mātātoko karboni e tuku ana i te kaha me te pumau ake, ko ngā āhuā o te hāpona hiri e tuku ana i te aukati pai ake ki ngā pakanga, me te utu iti ake mō te nuinga o ngā whakamahinga tāone. E tuku ana anō hoki ngā āhuā o te hāpona hiri i ngā pūkenga pākahiko pai ake, me te aukati pai ake ki te marorihanga o te taiao mai i te nohonga UV me ngā tikanga ā-kaipara. Mō te nuinga o ngā whakamahinga tāone kei hea kāore te kaha matua hei painga matua, ko ngā āhuā o te hāpona hiri e tuku ana i te āhua pai rawa atu o te mahi me te uaua moni.

He aha ngā whakaarotanga tiaki e pa ana ki ngā tāpoi āhuā hāpona hiri

Ko ngā whakaurunga o te takotoranga karaihe hiriwiri e herea ana ki te iti noa iho o te tiaki, nā te pānga atu ki te kore, ki ngā mea āhua, me te maimoaitanga o te taiao. Me tirohia mōhio aro mata kia kitea ngā whara mekameka, te pono o te whakaurunga, me ngā tohu maimoaitanga o te pouaka i ngā whakamahinga composite. Ko te horoi i te mata ki ngā rauemi horoi tika hei tango i ngā mea kino ka pa ki te mahi, i te wa e tiakina ana he pai kia kaua e pakaru ngā aho kia kaua ai e muhu ngā īngoa hanganga.

Hei reira ngā painga taiao ki te whakamahi i ngā takotoranga karaihe hiriwiri i ngā whakamahinga hangarau?

Ko ngā āhuatanga taiao e whai ake nei kei ngā rākau harakeke: te roa o te wā kia mahi ai, ka iti ake ngā wā e hiahia ana ki te whakakapi; te taea hoki te whakapai anō mā te tikanga mekanikī; ā, he māma te huringa i ngā wāhi ka wātea ai ngā hua. Ko te kaha o ngā mea nei ka wehe i te hiahia ki te paina i ia wā, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā mea e pai ana ki te karaihe e hiahiatia ana, ka iti ake ngā waahanga takotoria e puta mai ana i ngā paina; ā, ko te mamae ki te korero ka aukati i ngā pānga taiao mai i te huaki me te mawhara hUA e pa ana ki ngā matērahi tūmatanui.