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I te ao matatau o te hangarau mātai ātea me te hangarau tikanga matatau, te pūāhua o te muka waro ko te hangarau mōhini he rite ki tētahi "tohunga ngaro", e āhua ana i ngā matapae tikanga hāngai kia rereke ai te kaha me te māmā, e hono ana i te pono me te māmā. Hei tīmatanga tāpiri ki te ao o ngā hua composite, kua whai wāhi te tikanga mōhini parakirihana karboni takotoranga ki ngā tau maha, ā, kei te inu tonu hei "tūpuna" o te hangarau matua tikanga. I tēnei rā, ka tūhuratia e tātou te aronga matua o tēnei hangarau, kia kite ai i te huringa mai i tētahi kākahu parakirihana karboni kua pouri kirihou ki tētahi wāhanga matua o tētahi vaka rangi, me te anga tinana o tētahi karu karakara.
He aha te pūāhua pūāhua waro?
Kia mārama ai ki te tikanga hanga, me mārama mātua ki te kaupapa takitahi o te "prepreg". Mā te whakamārama poto ake, ko te prepreg hiko tātai karboni he "kombinētene whaitua" o te tātai hiko karboni me te rēhina - i roto i tētahi taiao herekore wātea, heremita ana ngā rēhina eperaki, fenohila, me ētahi atu matapihi ki te āhua katoa o te rēhina ki te tapa hiko karboni, ā, ka hua mai he korowhiti, he pepa composite viscous e mau ana i tana anuanu.
Ko tēnei āhuatanga "pre-impregnation" e wehe nei i te tikanga hanga mā te miro paraihe: kua whakarārangi kē te ihirangi rēhina me te wehenga, ā, ko te hanganga i muri ka hiahia anō kia mārama noa ki te pēhea e tika ai te taraiwa ki te pūtau me te whakapau pono, ka iti ake te herenga o te mahi tūwāhi. Hei whānuitanga i te paraihe kua hangaia i mua i te umu, kua rerekētia te rīhi, ko te mea anake e wātea ana ko te whai i te wera me te wā o te umu.


Tikanga hanga tūmatanui
(1)Autoclave Molding
Te tikanga paerewa mātātoko mō te hanga i ngā parahiwhi tūhono ahumahi hātea rāwekenga. Ko te wāhi i konei he whakapuru i te tāpapa o te karaihe karboni me te pēpihi ki roto i tētahi kītihau, ka whakauru ki roto i tētahi kōpae nui, te kōpae mahana, e iti ana te āhua, engari e nui ana te pēhi (ētahi atamira) me te mahana hoki e pā ana i te wā kotahi. E tukuna ana te rāpoi kia rere tonu, ka pakaru ngā aho, ka hua ngā wāhanga e nui ana te ihirangi aho, iti noa te wāhi paku.
Ko te vantex o tēnei tikanga he hua i ngā wāhanga hanga pīroiroi o te kounga tino pai me ngā īnitahuma tino pai, tahi hoki. Engari, ko ngā herekore he tino pārurenga: he tino utu te uingu mahana, he nui te hohoro, he roa hoki ngā wāhanga hua, nō reira ka noho noa i te ao hāweretaurangi, ngā karuhi F1 anake e hiahiatia ana te rāwekenga tino.
(2)Whakapakari Mātā
Ko te tikanga e whai hua ana mō te whakaputa i te rahi ki te rahi nui. Ka whakauru kia kotahi te nui o te prepreg, tētahi rāwekenga hanga (pērā i te SMC) ki te pūtau mīhini kua paruhi ki mua, ka tapaina te pūtau, ka whakarātata te pēhi me te wāhi maunga, kia rere ai te matapae ki roto i te takotoranga o te pūtau, ka whakakīia te takotoranga, ka pīroiroi, ka hangaia i muri i te whakamātao me te pupuritanga pēhi.
Ko ngā vantex o tēnei tikanga ko te taumata teitei o te whakahaere aunoatia, te tere o te whakaputa, te pono o te āhua o te hua, ā, ētahi atu anoo hoki. Heoi anō, nō te hiahia kia herekau i te pūtau pūkaha e taea ai te pēhi maunga, he nui ake te utu tuatahi. He tino pai mō te hanga i ngā wāhanga pūhou e hiahiatia ana kia pai te kounga mata, pērā i ngā paparanga tinana o ngā motukā, ngā pouaka rewharewha, me ngā taputapu hākinakina kaha.
(3)Vacuum Bag Molding
Ko tētahi tikanga matua me te tikanga e whakamahia ana e whakauru ana i ngā matapae āhuarangi ki te whakapumautia i ngā matapae composite. Ko te nuinga o ngā matapae hāngai e whakapaia ana ki tētahi pito rākau, kākahu rānei, ā, ka pakaru katoa te punaha ki tētahi kōpae māmā, e tango ana mā te pūmāmā māmā hei waihanga i te toki whakakaha, kia rite tonu ai te pēhi āhuarangi ki te mata o te hua, nā reira ka tango i te rangi me te whakapumautia i te hanganga.
Ka taea e tēnei tikanga te whakapakari ake i te ihirangi mātātoko, te whakaiti i te porosity, me te whakapai ake i te rite o te wehenga resin, ā, he iti ake tana utu i te pūmāmā hoto. Heoi anō, inaianei ka taea e ia te tuku i te pēhi maatauranga o te 0.1 MPa, ā, kāore te teitei o te mahi e hāngai ana ki te tikanga pēhi-ite, e whakamahia ana whānui ki te hanga waka, ki te hāngai tuatahi, me ngā wāhanga composite e here ana ki te mahi waenga.
(4)Rōrō Whakapae
He tikanga tōraro e mātara ana ki te hāngai i ngā pīpī kaukau whaitua iti ana enga. Ka tapia te paraihe ā-pūpahi karbono ki tētahi ānga motuhake, kātahi ka pīrori tika ki runga i tētahi porotiti, arataki muri i te whakapakoko i tētahi tahumaero kia whakarerehua ai te hiko, kātahi ka wera me te pūpahi ki te umu, ka whakangāwari ka hohoro kia rite ai te pīpī.
Ka taea e tēnei tikanga te whakahaere tika i te noho o ngā aho (hei tauira, ngā takotoranga 0°, ±45°), e hāngai ana ki ngā pūmanawa mekameka tōtika tino pai me te pono tino me te kounga mata. Heoi anō, ko tana matua herekore ki ngā paraihe ā-pūpahi me ngā porotiti, he iti noa te mahinga uara, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia ki ngā hua taakaro matua pērā i ngā pae rīki, ngā pouaka, me ngā waewae rerere pahikara.
(5)Pīroritanga Aho
Ko te tikanga aunoa mō te hanga i ngā mema rotary kaha. Ko te taura paraihe karbona tonu e whakakīia ana ki te pūpahi i te kōpae, kātahi ka whakatakotoria tika e te upoko whakapae mana rorohiko ki runga i te pūkoro e huri haere ana ki ngā āhuatanga me ngā kona kua tāarotia, kia eke ki te rahinga hoahoa, kātahi ka whakapai kia hua ai te āhua.
Ko te aronga nui o tēnei tikanga ko te paraihe tonu, ā, he ōrite te whatianga, e āwhina ai i te ihirangi katoa o te paraihe me te whakamahi kaha, ina koa mō ngā kōpae e noho ana ki te pēhi roto. Heoi anō, he take noa ki ngā āhua piko rotary me te taputapu haukeke. Ko te tikanga hUA ko ngā silinda pēhi-ite (CNG/Hydrogen), ngā tahumaero, me ngā keke mō ngā motuka raket.
(6)Pultrusion
Ko te tikanga e whai waia ana ki te hāngai i ngā pūtau composite ōrite tonu. Mā te 'spaghetti', ka tōia ngā taura raukata rihī rārangi, i te paraihe hiko, ka tukuna atu ki te pēhi mātai hiko mātai mātai, ka hāngai, ka pakaru, ka hāngai tonu, kātahi ka tōia e te tarakihana, ka tapahia ki te roa ōrite.
He tino whai hua te tikanga, e āki ai te hāngai aunoa, te whai whakaonganonga matū nui, me te utu pai. Engari, ko ana hua kaepara ana ki ngā pūtau rārangi ōrite, ā, he nui ake te kaha o te tira i te tira tāwhai. Ko ngā hua noa ko ngā wāhanga arai tiriti, ngā arai kawe, ngā pou pou, me ētahi atu pou me ngā pūtau.
(7)Wharepaku Tāpiritanga
Ka taea te whakaarohia hei putanga kounga ake o te hanga kōpae mā te kōpae haukoti. I runga i te punaha kōpae haukoti, ka whakaurua te papa kauwhau katoa ki roto i te tinapera tohua e taea ai te here, e kore anō pea te tango i te hau mai i roto, engari ka tukuna hoki he hau pakaru ki roto i te tinapera, ka tāwhai i tētahi hiko (arataki 0.4-0.6MPa) nui ake ki waho o te kōpae haukoti, arā ka tuku i ngā pēhanga hanga nui ake i te haukoti anake.
Ko tēnei tikanga ka whakanui tino i te ihirangi mata me te kītoitoi o te wāhanga kāore hiahiatia he uunga nui ki te tinapera paruhi makariri, ā, ka pai ake i te tikanga kōpae haukoti anake. He tikanga tino pai mō te hanga i ngā wāhanga rahi e kore e uru pai ana ki te tinapera paruhi makariri, pērā i ngā keke rere moana iti ki te waenga, ngā wāhanga karaihe rere-raina, me ngā radome rahi.
Whāinga Kōrero i waenganui i ngā Tikanga Hangai Mā te Paraihe Kāriko Kābon
Ingoa tikanga |
Mātai matua |
Ngā Painga Matua |
Ngā take muhu matua |
Te whakamahi tipikē |
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Hangai Autoclave
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Whakaputanga i ngā kōpae hautekura me te pēhanga teitei |
Te mahi tino teitei, te tino āhua, me te iti rawa te porosity |
Taputapu hoiho tāpiri, utu nui, ā, wā roa ki te tīmatatanga |
Ngā parirau o ngā rererangi, ngā tinana, ngā wae tapū o ngā kaipōkai wātea |
Te Whakawhanake Hāpai |
Te whakapaku i te pēpa rahi i te makarara metara e hiahiatia ana te hōuna me te toka |
Te maroke kōtaha, te pono o ngā rahi, me te māmā o te mata |
Te utu nui o te makarara, ehara he hāngai mō ngā wae nui ake |
Ngā paparua tinana o ngā motukā, ngā kārea mō ngā taputapu hiko |
Te Whakapaku Kōpae Hau Mā |
Ka whaihua te kōpae hau mā i te takotoranga kotahi o te kōpae hau |
He iti noa ngā utu mō ngā taputapu, ā, he whai hua ai te hanga i ngā wae nui ake |
Painga waenga, he iti noa ngā here |
Waka, parahua turuma hau, tauira |
Whakapakanga Piro |
Te whakapiri tata o ngā pepetipeti ki ngā mātotoru mō te whakapūpahi |
Te whakahaere i te kōnga awhiwhi tika me te mahi pai o te pūwhe |
He iti noa te hua, he whāiti rānei te rahi o ngā hua |
Ngā kapa golf, ngā pou kaiika, ngā pou tata |
Te Whakapiri Taura |
Te whakapiri i ngā awhiwhi kua whakakīia ki te karapihi ki tētahi mātotoru e rorohiko ana |
Te whakahaere tūmatanui teitei, me te whakamahi kaha tino teitei o ngā awhiwhi |
Mō ngā tinana rorohiko anake, he nui te utu mō ngā taputapu |
Ngā pūtaka puipui totohu teitei, ngā tupe, ngā kārei raket |
Pultrusion |
Kua whakakīia ngā aho ki te kōpiko, kātahi ka tōtangia truia te mātāwai kua hohoro noa ai hei whakaputa haerenga tonu |
Tino maroke, utu iti, roa kore āhua |
Anuanu taurangi pūmau anake, mōhio kikokiko waewae |
Ngā anuanu, ngā pou, ngā arawhata, ngā pou poukai |
Wharepaku Tōpuhi Pēhanga |
Te pēhanga puipui mā te kaha puipui i waho i te pokapoka tapenakara |
Whaitua pai ake i ngā pokapoka tapenakara, iti ake te utu i ngā pūtaka pēhanga hohoro |
Iti ake te ū āhua o te pēhanga/temperatūr i ngā tānki pēhanga hohoro |
Ngā karuaka waenga, ngā wae waka tereina, ngā radome |
Te Tauira: Te Ao Hou i te Tahumaero
Kāore te tikanga tikanga kia aronga ki te pōuri. I nāianei, kei te wātea haere te ahumahi i ngā wāhi pouhere mā te "kaupapa hou o roto": hei tauira, te whanaketanga i ngā rēhina tere-mōrearea, he iti ake te wā mō te hohonu mai i te 2 haora ki te 30 meneti; te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tūmatanui hei whakakapi i te tuhinga ā-ringa kia pai ake ai te mahi; me te tīmata hoki i ngā aratohu AI ki te hoahoa mātātoko kia pai ake te wehenga toki mō te heke i ngā hapa.
I āwhina ai ēnei whanaketanga kia mau tonu ngā tikanga tawhito i ō rātou painga mahi, i te wa e huri haere ana ki te "teitei ake te uara, iti ake te utu," ka haere tonu te nuinga o te wāhanga ki te ao o ngā takotoranga.
Mai i ngā waka tātahi ki ngā taputapu hākinakina, ka whakamārama te tikanga mō te hanga i te paraihe mātātoko karbona taketake i te ananenga whakanaotia o te "mahinga tūpato me te tika". Ahakoa kāore pea e te huarahi matua whanaketia, engari mō ngā āhuatanga e here ana ki te whakapono nui rawa, ko tēnei "tikanga tuku iho" anō te kounga tino uaua.
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