Tuhinga o te mātai karboni

Ko te takotoranga o mahi karu kōkōwai kāore i te rongonui, engari ka hoatu e te tukanga matua "whiri". Ko ngā matapae take he pīrau paraihe kāboni e noho ana ko te diameita kotahi nekenga (neke atu i te 1/10 o tētahi makawe), ka whakarāpngia i mua (hei tauira, kāpia, āhua) kātahi ka whiria e ngā taputapu whiri motuhake ki te tauira e hāngai ana, ā, ka hua mai he paraihe e rerekē ana te takotoranga.
Mai i te āhuatanga o te whatu, ko te ahua o ngā tapa karihi karboni e pā ana ki te ara e whatu ai ngā "tāhuna upoko" (ngā tahumaero e whakaranunui ana i te tōrunga) me ngā "tāhuna papumu" (ngā tahumaero e whakaranunui ana i te tōpenga). Ngā arataki whatu rerekē—pērā i te nekeneke o ngā tahumaero, te taumaha o ngā tāhuna upoko me ngā tāhuna papumu, me te koki me te maha o te whatu—ka pā tūwāhitia ki te āhua o te takotoranga. Hei tauira, ina whatua ngā tāhuna upoko me ngā tāhuna papumu ki te 90 kia kotahi ki te kotahi, ka hua mai te takotoranga tino takitahi, te "whatu kotahi"; mēnā he nuinga ngā tāhuna upoko, ki te whatu tahi rātou, ka puta mai he whatu anuanu ake, pērā i te "whatu tororongo" i te "whatu taratara". Ko te lojita o te whatu e tiaki ana i ngā ītao pakari rawa o te tahumaero karihi karboni, ā, e whanaketia hoki te mahi haere o te tapa katoa mā tōna hanga takitaki.

Kotahi: "tōtika me te pakari"

Ko te ahua noa he mea tino nui rawa atu, ko te hanganga mātai o ngā āhua o ngā rauemi karboni, e mārama ana ki te whati i ngā aho tuarāwhiti me ngā aho tuarangi i ia aho, ka hua ai he tauira tōaitanga pērā me te "pūtake tukutuku". Mai i te āhua, he ōrite, he māmā te ahua noa, tēnei rānei te rerekētanga iti i waenganui i te taha mua me te taha muri, ka hoatu he wheako māmā, koiria ki te manawa; mai i te tirohanga mahi, nā te whati tata o ngā aho tuarāwhiti me ngā aho tuarangi, he tino kaha te pūmahara o ngā āhua noa, kāore e waruwaru ai, ā, ka taea te wehe i te tāpoi ki ngā tāpoi kotahi, nō reira kei ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ana te kaha o te hanganga he nui te whakamahinga—hei tauira, ngā takotoranga tinana o ngā rererangi ātea, te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi he nui rawa atu—ko te mea tino nui, ko te mātai matua. Ko tēnei te take e whakamahia ana i ētahi wāhi maha e hiahiatia ana te kaha o te hanganga—hei tauira, ngā takotoranga tinana o te ao ātea me ngā wae tapatoru o ngā taputapu hauora.
Heoi anō, he whakamā ngā tuhinga mā: ko ngā pito kotahi tītaho ka aronga ki te iti ake te kore āhua o ngā rākau, e hiahiatia ana kia "piko" ina pēpērangi, nā reira e iti ake ana te pai mō hUA e hiahiatia ana te pikinga maru.

Twill: "Whanonga Taurite"

He māmā ake ngā tuhinga twill i ngā tuhinga maroke: ko ngā muka ake ka tūhiritia i runga i ētahi muka e rua, te toru, te whā, ka tūhiritia ki ngā muka hei hanga i te tauira "twill" (he nui te 30°, 45°, 60°, me era atu). Ko te āhuatanga māmā o tēnei tuhinga ko te āhuatanga ā-tirohanga. Ka hoatu e te tauira twill he āhuatanga rere ki te rākau, he aha atu i te tuhinga mā - hei tauira, te tinana karaihe karbona o tētahi karuia taumata teitei, i te papa whakapaipai o tētahi taputapu taumaha, e maha ana e whiriwhiri ana i te tuhinga twill kia whakanui ake i te āhua o te tuhinga.
I ngā waenganui i te mahi, ko te vantex o ngā tapa twill kei te "tōtika": mā te whakarerekenga ki te tapa papai, he iti ake ngā wāhi pakari me te nui ake o te noho huruhuru i roto i ngā tahumaero, nō reira kua pai ake te maroke me te uaua ki te pakaru ina māmā; i te wā kotahi, ko te hanganga twill e tiaki ana i te kaha o te tapa i ētahi tārā, āhuatanga hoki i te pānga ki te kaha whakawhiti me te kaha herehere, e rite ai tēnei mo ngā take e hiahiatia ana te tōtika i waenganui i te kaha me te kaha pakari, pērā i ngā takotoranga taiapa me ngā taiapa tākihi ki ngā taputapu hākinakina.

Ngā Tapa Satin: "Pie Matotoru Teitei"

Ko te Satin te tikanga matatau rawa atu me te momo ahurei uaua o ngā rēhita mātātoko karbon. Ko tana aronga herehere: he mātātoko te aho tuarāwhiti, ki te aho tuarangi (he toru ki te rima hoki) ka whai mātātoko, ā, ka hangaia he mata korekau e kitea ana i te ahurei, ā, ko ngā panoni iti noa o te ātaahua anake e kitea ana.
Mai te āhua, he nui te rereketanga o ngā mata o ngā tapa kōpae, ā, he māmari ngāuwaro ake pea i te mārama, ka hoatu ia ki te āhua me te hiahia o te taumata tikangia, nō reira ka whakamahia hauhaku ana i ngā hua taumata tikangia e here ana te āhua – pērā i ngā paparanga o ngā waka parakirihau, ngā kete karu taumata tikangia, me ngā toi takitahi o te parakirihou. Mai i te tirohanga mahi, nā te itinga o ngā wāhi pakari, kei te āhua “tūwāhi” ngā taura kōpae, ā, ka whiwhi ai i ngā īnanga taumata teitei o ngā taura parakirihou, ina ko te kaha tōkī i tētahi taha anake, he pai ake i te plain me te twill; i te wā kotahi, ko te mata māmari anō hoki ka iti ake te hākiri i waenganui i te tapa me ētahi atu wāhanga, he pai ai hei horapa o waho o ngā wāhanga nekeneke o ngā taputapu matatau.
Heoi anō, he wainga hoki ngā āhuatanga pātata o ngā rēhia satin: he iti noa ngā wāhi pakari ka rerekē ai te pūmahara o te hanganga, he iti ake te kaha ki te tātata ki ngā totoe paraihe, ā, he māmā te huringa whakaputa, ā, he nui ake te utu i te rēhia paparorohua me te rēhia twill.

Kākahu Kotahi (UD): "Pie Tino Kaha Kotahi"

Ko ngā rēhia kotahi ka rerekē tō rātou rāwekenga mai i te hanganga "piko me te piko" o te twill, ko te matua take ko te "tūranga kotahi maamaa": he tino paraleli ngā kāpona karboni e 90% neke atu rānei ki te tātata kotahi 0°, ā, ko ngā kāpona iti ake anake te kowhatu i te tātata piko kia kaua e wehe kia kaua e mau i te kaha matua. Ka aukati tēnei i te wehenga, ā, kāore i te tuku i te kaha matua. Ehara i te hanga tāpiri tēnei, engari he rite ake ki te "tūranga o ngā kāpona me te tāwhai māmaa
He tino arataki te ahua, he maamaa te mata me te kiri ataahua parakia tika, ā, he mea iti rawa, he uaua hoki ki te kite i te tō o ngā tahumaero arotini, he tino maamaa te mātai, he nui hoki te ahua hangarau. I te pūmahara ki te mahi, ko ngā painga o ngā tapa arorangi e pokapoka ana ki te "nekehanga tātaritanga" - ko te kaha tōpene e pokapoka ana ki te 0°, e 1.5-2 nekehanga ake i ngā tapa rārā, ā, ka taea te tuku i ngā kikokiko tuarā kore utu. I te wā kotahi, he 15-20% te mamao ake me te iti ake i te rārā o te kaha ōrite nā te iti ake o ngā wāhi pakari.
Ko tēnei āhuatanga e pai ai mō ngā hanganga e noho ana ki ngā kiko tātahi, pērā i te pou matua o ngā papaki rerehua, te whakapakari i ngā pereka rākete, i ngā takotoranga o ngā kaipuke rererangi kore-kaitoi, i reira ka taea te manaaki i ngā kiko tātahi, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamāmau i te taumaha.

Ngā tapa whakapae warp maha-ahi (NCF): "Kaitōaitanga anuanu māwhiti-whiti"

He nui ake te herenga o te tapa maha-ahi i te twill, ko te matua take ko te "tukutuku anuanu + tā kimikimi katoa": tuatahitia, ka tukuna ngā karuwa karaihe karbon ki te āhua kia rite ki te 0°, +45°, -45°, 90° me ētahi atu dreihana (hei tikanga 3-5 dreihana), ā, ka tukuna ia karuwa ki tana aronga kaua e uru kei te karuwa o tētahi atu aronga, kātahi ka tā kimikimi katoa ngā tukutuku ki te thread tā kaha teitei. Kātahi ka tā kimikimi katoa ngā takotoranga ki te thread tā kaha teitei hei hanga i te tapa katoa, e whati ana hoki te here o te twill "ka uru kei ngā tāpiritanga e rua".
Ko ngā āhuatanga māmā o tēnei tapa e kitea ana: kāore te mata i te penei me te roroa arawhata o te twill, engari he mata takitahi māmā, he mātātoko anuanu o ngā tahumaero hiri i ngā tārunga, ā, ko ngā aho tākitenga ka pupuri ki te mata i te āhua o tētahi rarangi māmā, ko ia take tōna whakamārama motuhake.
Mai te tirohanga o te mahi, ko te Multi-Axial he vantex o te "tōtika an-directional": he kaha tino pai ia ki ngā tātaitanga o te 0°, 90°, ±45°, me era atu. Ina koa, ko tana uauatanga ki te pāwaru he 30%-50% teitei ake i te twill, ā, ka taea e ia te herekenga i ngā uta pēnei i te kawenga, te whakamako, me te pāwaru i te wā kotahi. E tautokona hoki e ia te whakarerekenga i te ōwea o ngā tahumaero māpere ki ia tātaitanga e hiahiatia ana, e hāngai ana ki ngā hanganga e hiahia ana ki ngā kaha an-directional pērā i te rākau o te karikari, te tinana o te waka, te hononga puna, me ngā rākau pahūpahu, me era atu. E fit ana ia ki ngā mata curvilinear heruheru, ā, he tino pai hoki ōna ahuatanga mekanik an-directional.

Ngā tā mōkai kīwikiwi: Te ataahua

Ko te tauwhāinga karapoti e whai ana i tētahi "kaupapa pūtaiao āhuahua āhuarangi" motuhake, i konei ka rāwarawa ngā kawhe karapoti ki roto i tētahi takotoranga tuarangi ngotango hexagonal, i hangaia mā ngā taputapu motuhake, ā, ko ngā wāhanga e kī ana ki te tētahi ki te tētahi, e rerekē ana i te aronga o te twill o te "whakawhitinga ake me te arawhata". He taunui te kitea ai: e kapi ana ngā hexagon rite ki te mata, ngā tapa maroi, he kaha te huringa-āhuatanga, ā, ina pakaru te kōmarua, ka maamaa ngā koki, ka whakaatu i tētahi whakakīnga kaha i waenganui i te mārama me te pōkai, he nui ake te pānga hoahoa me te kawarenga o te pūkenga i te twill.
Mai i te tirohanga o te mahi, ko te tauwāhi pōro rīki rīki e hono ana i te uara me te mahi matua: ka taea e te hanganga tapawhā noa te wehe i te kaha tūpono, ā, he pai ake te angamira ki te whakarereke i te tauwāhi mā; ko te nui o te whatu e nui ai te hohoro o te taura, ā, he pai ake te angamira ki te paripari i te whatu pakipaki, ā, he iti noa ngā parirau e taea. Nō reira, he tino pai mō ngā hua e matua whai whakaahurutia ana te āhua me te herekenga ki te manawaroa i te wā katoa, pērā i ngā kātata pūkoro matua, ngā taputapu hākinakina, ngā paparewa tāpoi matua, ngā takotoranga mātātoko mātauranga, me ētahi atu. E whakanui ana ia i te āhuatanga āhuahua, ā, e ōrite ana hoki ki te herekenga mō te kaha o te kaiwhakamahi.