Me pēhea te huri a Carbon Fiber mai i te parahuarua/pūpahi ki te "koura mangu"?

He mārama ana koe? Ko te anga matua o ngā raketipā o ngā kaiwhakairiwhiti whakairoiroi e taea ai te pā atu ki te 300km/h, ngā karui F1 e tino herea ana i te huarahi mai i te 0-100km/h i roto i ngā 2.3 hēkona, tae noa ki ngā takotoranga waho o ngā rokera wātea e toro ana i te parirua – ko te tuarā anō pea i hāungaia mai i te 'parahaka mangu' i mahue i muri i te whakapai hiriwa?

I tēnei rā ka uru matou ki te ahu whanaketanga miharo o te parahuka karboni, te 'rangatira' o te pūtaiao matēriari. Mātaihia ai te huarahi i pāngia ai te asfata parahura noa i ngā wā katoa kia huri ai hei 'koura mangu' e tino nui ake ana i te hiriwa!

He aha te take i karangatia ai hei "koura mangu"?
Mua i te haerenga ki tēnei ara huringa, me whakautu tātou i tētahi pātai matua: he aha te take i te whānuitia ai te parahuka karboni ki te koura?
(1) Tino 'whai koura' ana tana utu: e ētahi mano tālā te utu mō te parahuka karboni arataki i te manokarama, ā, ko te parahuka karboni taumata tikangia e te ao hāpori e taea ana te hoko mō te 20,000 tālā i te manokarama – he nui ake te utu i te hiriwa (e 5 tālā pea i te grama).

(2) He nui te kaha: He toru hauwhā noa iho te taumaha ki te hinu, engari he tekau ngā wā te kaha ake, e kinaki ana i ngā tātai hiko, ā, e kore e taraweti ki te -180°C.

(3) He nui te raranga o tēnei mea: Kotahi tekau, pea rānei ngā whenua kei te ao e whakaputa pūmahara ana, ā, ko te karbona paraire tikangia hei "mātāponga stratējik" – he uaua kia whiwhi ai ahakoa te hiahia.

I te asipirama anō ka hua mai tēnei "kaupapa katoa", he tohatoha mai i te petroli – pērā ki te whiwhi taonga i ngā puke puipui, kei ia waewae hoki te mārama.

Asipirama ki te Karbona Paraire: Ko te Tukanga 'Mākutu' Rima Ngā Wāea E Kīreheke Ana!

Te Tapa Tuatahi: Te Whiriwhiri Mātāponga — Ko te Kaiarahi o te Kaiarahi: Te Pītarame Tikanga Rawa
E kore ngā bitumen katoa e hoki mai. Ko te bitumen e whakamahia ana mātou mō te hanga ara he nui ngā paru, he iti te ihirangi karboni, nō reira e kore e pai mō te whakaputa i te tarau karboni. Ingoa anake "te bitumen o te rākau motuhake" e pono ana, e mataara ana, e nui ana te ihirangi karboni (90%), e iti ana ngā ihirangi huruhuru me ngā metara e taea ai te whakamahi mō te whakaputa tarau karboni.

Ka whakamahi ngā inihini i te tango whakapainga kia "kauwhau" i te taputapu: ka whakauru ia ki ngā whakapainga motuhake kia arai i ngā paru pērā i te huruhuru, te nitrogine, me ngā metara taumaha, pērā i te kōkirikiri i te one. Ka whakapīria te hanga molekula ki te whakapōririhanga, ka hoatu kiā te āhua o te tīwae ārai mate mā te ahi.

Kei tēnei wā kua rite ki te kōwhiringa kātata: inoia anake ērā e "pūmau ana te whare" e taea ai te whakawhitinga māia i ngā mahi whakawhitinga.

Te Tapa E Toru: Te Whakarere – te tango i ngā "muka kōura" e tekau ngā wā iti ake i te huinga hairi.
Kua hōngia te pītara kua pakaru ki te 200–300°C, ka huri hei "melt" rerehua rite ki te honi. Ka whakauruhia tēnei melt ki roto i tētahi "papa whakaputa" e taraweti ana ngā wāhi iti – ko ia taraweti anake te 5–50 mikirōmita te vā (i te upoko o te mokowhiti tangata ko te 50–100 mikirōmita), he mea āta ake i te uwhi tapiko!

Ko ngā taura pītara i puta mai i ēnei taraweti ka uru tūwae ki te wai makariri, ki te hau makariri rānei kia "makariri, kia kōhatu", ka hua ai ngā "taura taura pītara". E hiahiatia ana he pūkenga hangarau tino pai ki tēnei wa: mēnā he iti noa te tere ake o te whakaputanga ka popoa ngā taura; mēnā he iti ake te tere o te makariri ka pāwaru ai; tae atu ki tētahi anake te taraweti pouaka ka nui ai te take e kore ai e taea te whakamahi i te puka taura.

Might one whakarāpopotia ki te "whakapaku kokohu ngārara", engari ko te "taura" i puta ake he tekau ngā wā āta ake i te harakeke.

Tahumaero Tuarua: Whakapriori – Te whakapakanga i te taura ki tētahi "kākahu kāore e ruarua"
He mea māmā te tarau asipara hōu: pakaru ana ki te tēkau anuanu ake, ā, ka pāmuatia ki te kororā anuanu ake. Kia kaha, kia āhua whakamātau ai, ko te tuatahi he whakaputa ahi.

Ka whakairihia te tarau mātātoko ki roto i tētahi umu kua rahi ki te 150-300°C, ka whai wā mō te hēneti e ētahi ana, ka whakarereke haere ngā parawhara hiruhuru, hāora hoki i te tarau asipara. Ka huri te hanganga molekūle mai i te āhuatanga raina ki te āhuatanga whatitoka, ā, ka huri tōna tae mai i te pango ki te kākāriki pouri. Hei whakamutunga, ka whakaputa ahi!

E kore e taea te wareware i tēnei waahanga: mēnā ka warewaretia te whakarereketanga mua, ka haere tonu ki te tinihanga hautōpu, ka pāmuatia tēnei tarau asipara, ka mate katoa ngā mahi o mua. Anō hoki, me pērā te tere o te whakarereketanga; mēnā ka hurahura, ka hua mai te "pānga hohonu e kore e ōrite" ki roto i te tarau, ka aru ki ngā karuwha.

Te Tapatoru E Whā: Te Kābonihana — Te whakapaipai i te hautōpu kia hua ai tētahi "koikoi kābon māpure"
Ko te tāhere paraihe, inaia ko ana "kākahu ārai ahi", me te whai i te "whakamātautau whakamutunga" ki roto i te umu pūpahi. Ko te umu e mahi ana i ngā wāhiarai e 1000 ki te 1800°C, ā, me pupuri i tētahi taiao kore hau (ki te kī atu anō ka pā te hau ki te karbon hei karboniikihora).

I raro i ēnei wāhiarai tino nui, ka "rere" ngā tohu māmā o ngā paraihe kore-karbon (pērā i te hāoraaki me te nitrohena) hei hau. Ko te mea e noho ana ko te karbon tītoki (90% te ihirangi karbon), ā, ka whakarerekē tōna hanganga molekūle hei "kiriama rite karaiti" e whai hua ana. Ki tēnei wā, ka whakawhitinga matua te "paraihe asipara" ki te "mātua paraihe karbon!"

Ko tepua o te kāhui karboni te mea e whakatau ana i te uara o te tarau karboni: ka taea te hāngai i te tarau karboni arataki a te kainoho ki te 1000°C, ā, ko te kāhui rānōiti mea hoki e hiahiatia ana he tepua e piki ake ana i te 2000°C. E hāngai ana tēnei ki ngā whakaritenga mātai karboni e pai ake ana, me te kaha e neke ake ana mawhiti whitu, ka piki ake anō te utu.

Te Rā Papaono: Te Whakaturanga i ngā Hononga mō te Tarau Karboni
E pā ana te mata o te tarau karboni hou-kāhui ki te mata noa atu i te ipurangi, e 'rere' ana ina honoa ki ngā matapae pērā i te rāpoi, nō reira e rite ana ki te takotoranga o ētahi ipurangi e rua, ka wehe anō tā rātou ki te popotahi. Ka tapatoru ai te tarau karboni kua whakarerekia ki te āhu (ko te āhu karboni e kōrerorero ana i mua), i te tāpiri ai ki te wāhanga poto, ka hangaia te "tuarā matua" o ngā matapae takirua.
I tēnei wā, kua mutu te haerenga "whakarereketanga" e rua ki te toru marama i tīmata mai i te asipiriti.

Ēnei mea iti e mōhiotia ana e te 90% o te tangata!

1.Kāore i te katoa ngā paraihe hiko mai i te pīhikete parau: ko te tinihanga o te paraihe hiko e whakawhanake ana i te polyacrylonitrile (PAN) me te muka viscose. Ko te paraihe hiko maimoahia e te PAN e 90% te painga o te ao, ā, ko te paraihe hiko maimoahia e te pīhikete he pai ake mō ngā whakamahinga matua tikangia, matua kaha.

2.Ko te whakaputa i te tana kotahi o te paraihe hiko e huringa ana i te 20 tana o ngā rawa taketake: mai i te pīhikete ki te paraihe hiko, kei raro iho i te 5% te tere putanga. Ehara i te mea kei te nui te utu.

3.Kua pakaru te here kāwanatanga a Tiamani: i mua, i te hāngai awhina, Amerika me Ipanihi ngā kaitiaki o te paraihe hiko tikangia. Ināianei, kua taea e Tiamani te whakaputa i te paraihe hiko pouaka T1100 (pouaka rāngai kapura), he iti ake te utu 30% i ngā kawemai.

He aha te paraihe hiko hUA kua kitea e koe?
Kāore i te tāwhai te paraihe hiko i ō tātou noho whakauru: kei waho atu i te rāngai kapura me te karapa toronga, kei te āhua i ngā takotoranga pahikara tikangia, ngā ringaringa karawheta, ā, ko ngā kōpae waea pūkoro anō hoki.

Kua āhua koe ki ngā hua mātātoko hiko i ōu taiao? Ki tēhea whakamahinga mō te tauātea e kitea ana e koe mō tēnei matapae? Tukuna ō whakaaro ki ngā korero i raro nei!

I te nuinga o ngā marama, kua huri te pūrere paraihe iti nei ki te "koura mangu" e tuanui ana i te hangarau tikanga matatau. I muri i tēnei, ko te aronga whawhai kore ake ki te pono o te rahi o te mirimita e mahi ana ngā inihiniara maha, me te rapunga haere a te tangata kia whakarahuharu ake i ngā rohe o te pūkenga matapae. Ina whai mōhio koe ki tētahi hua mātātoko hiko, pea ka mahara koe: i tīmata noa i te waihanga paraihe kua whakakāhuahuatia.