Ngā Tātai Anō o Te Āhua: I Tāwhai i ngā here o te tātai anō kotahi, I Whakamāngai i te Āpāinga o ngā kōpae

I te ao o ngā kōpae hāngā kāpura karbon, kua tū ake ngā tātai kotahi i tēnei wā i te wāhi matua o te whakamātautau pūkenga. Heoi anō, i te wā te Whakamahinga kei te whanake tonu ngā tono, kei te huri haere ngā papanga maha-a-wa ki te whakarerekē i te ahumahi me ā rātou painga ahurei. Ahakoa i roto i ngā pūkaha hau, i ngā wāhanga rererangi, i ngā taputapu hākinakina tino pai rānei, ka tino manakohia e ngā kaihoahoa tēnei rongoā rauemi mō tōna kaha ake o te pūkaha.

Ko ngā painga matua o ngā papanga maha-Axis

→Te kaha kawenga maha-ā-ā-ringa

Ko ngā papanga muka waro kotahi te aronga, he mea whakarite ngā muka ki tētahi aronga kotahi, e tino aronga ana te kaha. I te mea rerekē, ka whakakotahihia e nga papanga maha-axial nga muka i nga koki rereke (ko te tikanga 0 °, ± 45 °, me te 90 °) ki te whakatutuki i nga taonga miihini tata ki te isotropic.

→He pai ake te ātete i te pānga me te mahi ngenge

Ko te aroaro o ngā paparanga ±45° i roto i ngā papanga maha-a-waea e tino whakanui ana i te kaha o te whakairo me te manawanui kino. I te wā o te pānga, ka whai te horahanga o te pakaru i tētahi ara tino ātaahua, ka hua mai he nui ake te hopu pūngao.

→Te Whakarei i te Whakamahia o te Whakaputa

Ko ngā whāriki tūturu unidirectional e hiahiatia ana i ngā rōpū o ngā whāriki tūturu, tēnei pea he rautu, kia hanga ai ngā wāhanga āhua, i te rā o ngā whāriki multi-axial e whakamahinga ana i te whakamātautau anō i ngā āhua i tēnei wāhanga takitahi. Ko tēnei he whakamārama o:

(1) Te pakaru i te wā o te whakamātautau anō i te 50–70%

(2) Te pakaru nui i ngā utu mahi

(3) Te whakamārama nui i te tōrākina o te whakamātautau

→Te pakaru i ngā rākau kore whakamāhi, me te whakamāhi pai ake i ngā rākau

Ko ngā whāriki multi-axial e whakamahinga ana i te whakarere o ngā kōwhai i runga i ngā āhua o ngā wāhanga me ngā āhua o ngā pākaikai, kia eke ai ki te "whakamātautau mātua." Ko tēnei e whakakore ai i ngā rākau kore whakamāhi i riro mai i te whakamātautau kaha ake i ngā whāriki unidirectional.

→Te whakamārama ake i te mahinga o ngā whāriki e tāwhai ana

I te tāwhai o ngā kōwhai i ngā āhua maha i roto i tēnei wāhanga takitahi, ko ngā whāriki multi-axial e pakaru ai i te whāinga o te tāwhai kore o ngā whāriki e tāwhai ana, kia whakamārama ake ai i te tūpono me te roa o ngā whāriki āhua.

Ngā Whakamāhi Āhua me ngā Whanonga Hōu

→Ngā Whakamāhi Āhua

He tauira ngā pāpātai o ngā whāriki o ngā tūhura hau:

(1) Te whāinga o te taputapu unidirectional: He hāngā pāpātai pūmau o ngā āhua 0°, ±45°, me ngā 90°, e hāngā ana i ngā hāhā o te whakamātautau, ā, he uaua te whakamārama i te kounga.

(2) Te whāinga o te taputapu multi-axial: He rereke ngā āhua o te whakamātautau i tēnei, ā, he iti ngā rārangi hei whakamātautau i ngā whāinga o ngā āhua maha, e whakamārama ana i te whai hua o te whakamātautau, ā, e whakamārama ana i te whai hua o te whakamātautau.

→ Ngā whanonga o ngā pūnaha

I whakamāmātia mai i ngā pūnaha o te whakamātautau automatised me ngā hāngā o te whakamātautau ake, kua whānui ake ngā taputapu multi-axial mai i ngā whāinga matatau ki ngā wāhanga whānui ake o ngā pūnaha o te ao hāpai. Ko ngā whanonga i muri nei ko ngā whāinga e tōiri nei:

(1) Ngā taputapu multi-axial mātauranga: Te whakauru i ngā kaitiaki me ngā whakamātautau mahi

(2) Ngā āhua iti ake o ngā āhua: E whakawhānui ana i ngā āhua e whā o mua hei whakamātautau i ngā āhua e tāwhai ana i te āhua o te āhua

(3) Te whakauru i te pūnaha o te tāwhai 3D: He whakamātautau i ngā whāinga o te tāwhai o ngā whāinga o te tāwhai

He whakamārama āhua pūmau ngā taupua o te whakamārama i tēnei, ahakoa ngā whakamāhua o ngā kākahu maha-huinga i ngā āhuatanga maha, kāore ngā kākahu unidirectional i taea te whakakapi i ngā wā e hiahiatia ana ngā kaha maha o te unidirectional anō. Ko te whirihora o ngā kākahu e hanga ana i ngā hiahia ā-wāhi, ngā whakaaro ā-utu, me ngā āhuatanga o te whanonga.

Ko ngā kākahu maha-huinga o te kāpura kābona he ara mātauranga ake, he ara mātauranga ake hoki i te whanonga o ngā kākahu. Ko ia he tohu o te whanonga o ngā kākahu, ā, ko ia hoki he whānui o te whanonga o ngā whakaaro ā-hanga me ngā ara o te whanonga. I te whanonga o te hanga o te hanga me te whakamāmā o ngā utu, ka taea e tātou te titiro ki ngā whai hua o tēnei kākahu maha-huinga i ngā wāhi maha.
Mō ngā kaiwhanonga me ngā kaihanga, ko te mātauranga i ngā āhuatanga o ngā kākahu maha-huinga, me te whakamātau i ā rātou i te tika, pea ko te whānui o ngā whānui o te whanonga i ngā whawhai maha.