Toru Pātai mō te Karbona: Teitei te utu? Māmā? Ingoa anake ki te pango?

Ina kitea e koe tētahi karaka kārbona i tētahi whakangāhau motuka, ko tōu whakaaro tuatahi, "Me nui te utu o tēnei matērahi"? Ina hui koe ki tētahi arotake mō tētahi pīni wai kārbona, kei te whakaaro kē koe, "Ka popoia pea ki te whakapae—kāore i te rite ki te mātā kaha"? Cnō anō ina tīpako koe i ngā taputapu hākinakina, kite i te katoa anake i te paraihe kārbona mangu hUA , kei te whakapono koe, "Ko te matārai nei he pango anake"?

Heoi anō, nā ngā rerekētanga i te hua whenua me ngā tikanga hou, kua wehe te karbona huirua i ēnei tohutohu. Kua taea te whakahaere moni i te wā e whakaaetia ana ngā huinga nui, ka tūtohu ki ngā matāteria mīhini i ngā whakamātautau pānga, ā, āhua kua taea hoki te whakaatu i ngā tae ataahua tru ngā tikanga hangarau.

Te utu tino nui? Te whai mōhio ki ngā utu hangarau kei muri i te ripene utu

Ko te kōrero "kotahi mano rama karbona e ono tekau mā waru rama tīhere" e mōhiotia ana whānui ana, engari kāore i te mea nui te utu nui—ko te hua inoia o te hua whenua matataki hangarau.
Mā te karbon whakawhitinga motuka hei tauira, ko tōna hanganga utu e huna ana i ngā here tapatoru o ngā here rāwekenga:

Ngā ture paku mō te turaki rawa

I muri i te wātea mai i ētahi prosihia tae atu ki te kiriroti, te whakamātau, me te karbonikatene, ka hua anake te tana kotahi karbon karbon i te 2.2 tana o te paraihe karaihe polyacrylonitrile, ka taea te utu rawa e rima ngā wā a te tēra.

Ngā utu hiko kiko

Ko te prosihia whakamātautau hiko e hiahiatia ana kia pupuri i ngā wāhi hiko e 1,000 nekehanga anei rānei, ā, ko ngā utu hiko e noho ana pēnei i te 30% o ngā utu whakaputa. Ko te tikanga, ka hua 200 kilowatt-hora hiko mō ia 10 manea karbon karbon e whakaputangia ana.

Ngā pūkeko huna o te takotoranga tikanga

Ko te kit whakawhitinga karbon karbon mō te Mercedes-Benz V260L e hiahiatia ana he 300 ngātu kiri karbon hei whakatakoto ā-ringa. Mā te takotoranga hapa ka pakaru te hua, ā, ko ngā wāhanga taapiri anake ka utu 300,000 yuan.

He nui ake te take, ka eke ki te "huri i te utu-ūnga whai hua": he 60% te māma ake o te tinana karbona hōia ana i te toraka, ka piki ake te roa o te waka hiko hou umanga 15%. Ka whakapaingia ngā utu tuatahi e ngā painga roa-roa. Me ngā takotoranga hou i te hangarau whakaputa moni, kua heke te utu mō te karbona hōia mō ngā kaiwhakamahi 70% tēnei rā i te tekau tau ki muri, ka tino waatea haere ake nei mō ngā whānau noa.

Patarawea i te pat? Ko te whaiwhai ake i te pat e whakaatu ana anō.

Ko te whakaaro hē "he pērā te makaitu o te karbona hōia me te karu" i hua mai i te māramatanga taha anake i ana āhuatanga hinonga. Tukuna kia whakaatu mātou i ngā raraunga whakamātau e rua:

Whakamātau Patarawera Whakapae

I raro i ngā tikanga tūpono tōrite o te taumaha 10kg me te teitei 2 mita, kua kitea noa i te papa karbon whakapae 5mm te iti rawa o te totohu mata, i te wa e hangaia ana e te papa horoi parahi tōrite te nuinga o te raru. Heoi anō, he whakapae kaha ki te tāraiwa e whitu ngā wā te hēki ake i te hinu, ā, ka taea te whangai i te nergi tūpono trūnga te takotoranga kotahi o ngā aho me te rāpere.

Ngā Keemu Whakamātau Mahi

Ko te karuere Ford Mustang Shelby GT he tinana katoa karbon whakapae. I te whakamātau tū karuere 120 km/h, kua iti ake te rerekenga o te tinana 40% tata ki te tinana hinu, i te wa e noho tonu ana te wāhi noho. Ko ngā raraunga karakara e whakaatu ana ko te tinana karbon whakapae e 65% te itinga o te mōrearea whara i ngā tūponga.
Ko tēnei āhuatanga “kaha engari kaua he makariri” ko te take anō i te ahumahi hangarau mātātoko ki te matū matua mō ngā tinana waka paparangi—ka taea te herekai i ngā tūpono mai i ngā pourihi atamira i te wā e māmā ai te taumaha tīmatanga.

Mātou anake te mangu? Ko ngā paraihe karboni kakariki kua roa oti te hanganga me te whakamahinga.

Ko te karboni paraihe taketake e māngere ana i te tae mangu nā te mea ko ngā kapu hiko-π e wātea mai ana mai i ngā atomi karboni sp² i runga i tōna mata e kuruki ana i te kaipara katoa o te ao mārama. Engari, kua tuhia te raru hangarau nei.
I whanaketia e te rōpū a Akatemia Xu Weilin ki Whare Wānanga Rēhia Wuhan te hangarau tā karu-tioata: Mā te hanga i ngā hanganga panonitanga nanomita ki te mata o te aho mā te sputtering magnetron, ā, mā te whai wāhi i ngā pānga whaitua kia puta ai te tae, ehara i te mea anō ka pai ki te taiao, kāore hoki e ngaro te tae, engari ka tiakina hoki ngā īnitoha hinonga taketake. Kua oti te hanganga i ngā aho karboni tae e kuhuna ana i ngā tae rerekē pērā i te whero, kikorangi, me te kōura, kua tino pēra ai ki ngā pūtake e toru:

Te takiwā umanga matua

Ko te kolekita Richard Mille Fruits e āhua karaka ana i te pūtau karbona karaihe e hangaia ana mā te whakauru i ngā takotoranga koreweri me ngā takotoranga karaihe karbona e tō ana, ka hinga ki te kaha o HRC55 ka māma ake i te 40% tana tau kino i te pūtau mātāhuna mātāhuna.

Te Ahumahi Whakarerekē Ipurangi

Kua noho hei tohu motuhake ngā rāpoi karbona karaihe whero mō ngā waka mahi pai, ā, e hāngai ana ētahi kaihanga whenua ki te hānga mōhinohino nui.

Te Rāwekenga Kākahu Atamira

E torotoro ana tētahi pāpā huatahi hauora e hangaia ana i te karbona karaihe rākau hiriwa e torotoro ana i te tūrate, ā, heoi anō ko tōna roa e taea ai te 100,000 panoni kore atu te ahunga.

Ko te puta ake o ēnei hua āhua āhua e huri haere ana i te karbona karaihe mai i tētahi "mātāponga anga" ki tētahi "āhuatanga āhua".

Whakaputa i ngā Tautohe: Te Tau Tokorima e Whai Muri Ana a Carbon Fiber

Mai i ngā matēria hou o te ahumāra ki ngā kōwhiringa e wātea ana i ngā mākeke kaihoko, kāore he tohu kia mutu te whanaketanga o te karboni whītau. Ina tirohia tāna utu e 30% ka raru mai i te hiko (e mōhiotia ana taea te whakaroa mā te hiko kākāriki i te anamata), tana manawaroa ki te patunga e pono ake ana i ngā metara, me te haere tonu te whānui ake i ngā kōwhiringa tae, ka noho pāmama: kei te pakaru tēnei tēnei ngā “pūrākau” e pā ana ki te karboni whītau trūnga tikangia hou.